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Tynemouth Volunteer Artillery
The Tynemouth Volunteer Artillery claims to be the oldest volunteer artillery unit of the British Army.〔http://www.tvaa.org.uk/history.htm〕〔http://northumbriangunner.blogspot.co.uk/p/volunteer-artillery.html〕 It served coastal, siege and anti-aircraft guns in World War I and World War II, and also served in the infantry role.
==Artillery Volunteers 1859-1908==
The first artillery unit formed amid the enthusiasm that created the British Volunteer Force in the mid-19th Century was the 1st Northumberland Artillery Volunteer Corps, which was raised after a public meeting at Tynemouth on 7 May 1859. The meeting was held in response to statements by Commander Bedford Pim, Royal Navy, that a modern ironclad warship could do untold damage to the towns of Tyneside due to the poor state of their defences. By 25 May 1859, the first drill was held for Rifle and Artillery volunteers at Tynemouth, and formal enrolment for the 1st Northumberland Artillery Volunteers opened on 2 August.〔〔Beckett, Appendix VIII.〕
In November 1859, the new unit held its first gun practice, on two 70-year-old muzzle-loading smoothbore cannon at Tynemouth Castle. Over the following years, the unit expanded with additional batteries. When county volunteer units were consolidated under the Childers Reforms of 1881, the 1st Northumberland AV was threatened with losing seniority to a later-formed unit in Newcastle upon Tyne, but after protests it was restored to primacy, with the title Tynemouth Artillery Volunteer Corps.〔〔
In the early years, the volunteer gunners practised on whatever guns were available, including those at Tynemouth Castle, until they were supplied with light 9-pounder field guns in 1869. At that time, the policy was for the Artillery Volunteers to support the Rifle Volunteers in the field. They were re-equipped with 20-pounder field and 40-pounder fort guns in 1889. In 1893, the batteries at Tynemouth Castle were equipped with modern 6-inch breechloading guns on hydro-pneumatic disappearing carriages, and the Tynemouth Volunteer Artillery immediately began training to operate them, beginning their long association with coastal artillery. When the Territorial Force was created in 1908, the unit was affiliated to the Royal Garrison Artillery, which was responsible for all coastal and fortress artillery.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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